“He is rightly called the sinful root, since he was a useless stock, prone to sin and most ready for wickedness, under whom the persecution of the law of God and the wars of the Maccabees are recounted. For the entire period of the kingdom of the Greeks is gathered from the first year of Seleucus Nicanor up to the begi…”
Rabanus Maurus, 9th c. — Commentary on 1 Maccabees
Original
10And there came out of them a wicked root Antiochus surnamed Epiphanes, son of Antiochus the king, who had been an hostage at Rome, and he reigned in the hundred and thirty and seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.
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In context
8And his servants bare rule every one in his place.
9And after his death they all put crowns upon themselves; so did their sons after them many years: and evils were multiplied in the earth.
— 1 Maccabees 1:10 —
11In those days went there out of Israel wicked men, who persuaded many, saying, Let us go and make a covenant with the heathen that are round about us: for since we departed from them we have had much sorrow.