“For therefore should the superiors and teachers of the Church act when they see their own hiding in battle and turning their backs to the enemies: to tear their garments, that is, to afflict the body with fasts and tears; and to put dirt on their head, that is, to recall to mind the frailty of the body, and to pray to…”
Rabanus Maurus, 9th c. — Commentary on 1 Maccabees
Original
71Then Jonathan rent his clothes, and cast earth upon his head, and prayed.
Modern
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In context
69So when they that lay in ambush rose out of their places and joined battle, all that were of Jonathan’s side fled;
70Insomuch as there was not one of them left, except Mattathias the son of Absalom, and Judas the son of Calphi, the captains of the host.
— 1 Maccabees 11:71 —
72Afterwards turning again to battle, he put them to flight, and so they ran away.
73Now when his own men that were fled saw this, they turned again unto him, and with him pursued them to Cades, even unto their own tents, and there they camped.